"Nanotextured silica surfaces with robust super-hydrophobicity and omnidirectional broadband super-transmissivity". K. -C. Park, H. J. Choi, C. -H. Chang, R. E. Cohen, G. H. McKinley, G. Barbastathis. ACS NANO. In press. DOI: 10.1021/nn301112t
Designing multifunctional surfaces that have user-specified interactions
with impacting liquids and with incident light is a topic of both
fundamental and practical significance. Taking cues from nature, we use
tapered conical nanotextures to fabricate the multifunctional surfaces;
the slender conical features result in large topographic roughness
whilst the axial gradient in the effective refractive index minimizes
reflection through adiabatic index-matching between air and the
substrate. Precise geometric control of the conical shape and
slenderness of the features as well as periodicity at the nanoscale are
all keys to optimizing the multi-functionality of the textured surface,
but at the same time these demands pose the toughest fabrication
challenges. Here we report a systematic approach to concurrent design of
optimal structures in the fluidic and optical domains, and a
fabrication procedure that achieves the desired aspect ratios and
periodicities with few defects, and large pattern area. Our fabricated
nanostructures demonstrate structural superhydrophilicity or, in
combination with a suitable chemical coating, robust
superhydrophobicity. Enhanced polarization-independent optical
transmission exceeding 98% has also been achieved over a broad range of
bandwidth and incident angles. These nanotextured surfaces are also
robustly anti-fogging or self-cleaning offering potential benefits for
applications such as photovoltaic solar cells.
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